Spitting Up in Babies: Is it Reflux?

Seeing your newborn spit up can be alarming, but it's often a normal part of their development. This is commonly referred to as reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux (GER), and it's very common in babies. Let's break down what you need to know.

What is Reflux?

Reflux happens when stomach contents flow back up into the esophagus, the tube connecting the stomach to the mouth. This occurs because the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle that acts like a valve between the esophagus and stomach, isn't fully mature in newborns. Think of it like a door that hasn't learned to close properly yet.

Is it Normal?

In most cases, yes! Up to half of all babies under three months experience some degree of reflux. It usually peaks around 4-5 months and improves significantly by the time they're a year old. This is because the LES strengthens as they grow.

What are the Signs?

The most common sign is, of course, spitting up. This can range from small dribbles to larger volumes. Other signs might include:

• "Wet burps" or hiccups

  
  

• Occasional coughing or gagging

  
  

• Irritability or fussiness, especially after feeding

When Should I Worry?

While reflux is usually harmless, there are times when it's important to consult your pediatrician. These "red flags" include:

• Frequent vomiting (more than just spitting up)

  
  

• Vomit that's green, yellow, or bloody

• Refusal to eat or poor weight gain

  
  

• Difficulty breathing or choking

  
  

• Extreme fussiness or irritability that doesn't improve with feeding changes

  
  

• These symptoms could indicate a more serious condition, like gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), which requires medical attention.

What Can I Do?

For typical reflux, there are a few things you can try at home:

• Smaller, more frequent feedings: This can help prevent the stomach from becoming too full.

• Upright positioning: Holding your baby upright for 20-30 minutes after feeding can help keep food down.

• Frequent burping: Burp your baby throughout feedings to release trapped air.

• Elevating the head of the crib: A slight incline can help reduce reflux. Consult your pediatrician about safe sleep practices, including crib elevation.

Important Note: Always talk to your pediatrician before making any changes to your baby's feeding routine or if you have any concerns about their health. They can assess your baby's specific situation and provide personalized advice.

Sources:

American Academy of Pediatrics